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Item Level RFID - 100 Case Studies, Paybacks, Lessons

By Dr Peter Harrop, Raghu Das and Glyn Holland

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Description

It used to be thought that item level RFID meant little more than tagging very low cost retail items - something to do last of all. However, it has become big business in parallel with pallet, case and other tagging and far more profitable because it gives excellent paybacks to everyone, not just retailers. Indeed, the biggest opportunities in the near future are not in supply chain efficiency at all. Archiving, including libraries, the anti-counterfeiting of drugs etc. and the location and monitoring of standing assets in hospitals and the military are driving the market at present.

Retail apparel, jewellery, rented apparel/ laundry, aircraft parts, general components and equipment are also being profitably tagged. In contrast to pallet and case tagging - something of a financial disaster for most RFID suppliers and their customers, the consumer goods manufacturers - item level tagging often involves safety and security. Customers demand quality and often extra functionality. They are prepared to pay for this.

IDTechEx has invested massively in research in China, Australasia, North America, Europe and elsewhere and it has searched of its unrivalled database of 2100 RFID case studies in 81 countries. Experts have been widely interviewed and IDTechEx experts have distilled their own analysis, which includes surprises such as how the Chinese are both leapfrogging the technology and getting near to placing very large orders.

In this report you will understand the coming playoff between Near Field UHF and HF, the evolution of standards, winners and losers, detailed paybacks by applicational sector and much more besides. It describes the next wave of very large orders - not for what is popularly believed and not where most of the industry predicts it will occur. Get ahead with this unique resource, the antidote to superficial Western newsletters, press releases and the pronouncements by interested parties about how their frequency or technology will conquer all.

The companion of this report: Item Level RFID - Forecasts 2006-2016, Technology, Standards concentrates on market forecasts, the technologies and standards. Buy both reports and receive a massive discount.

Table of Contents

1.	INTRODUCTION
2.	EXPERIENCE OF 100 USERS OF ITEM LEVEL RFID
2.1.	Retailers in North America and Canada
2.1.1.	American Apparel USA
2.1.2.	Best Buy USA
2.1.3.	Wal-Mart USA
2.1.4.	Loblaw Canada
2.2.	Retailers in Europe
2.2.1.	Tesco UK
2.2.2.	Marks & Spencer UK
2.2.3.	Metro Group Germany
2.3.	Retailers in East Asia
2.3.1.	Maruetsu Japan
2.3.2.	Akindo Sushiro Japan
2.3.3.	Umeda Washi Japan
2.3.4.	Aoyama Shoji Japan
2.3.5.	Mitsukoshi and Hankyu department stores Japan
2.3.6.	Bailian Group China
2.4.	Retailers in Middle East
2.4.1.	The Jewellery Store and Damas, Dubai United Arab Emirates
2.4.2.	GCC Saudi Arabia
2.5.	CPG Manufacturers
2.5.1.	VF Corporation USA
2.5.2.	Procter & Gamble - Gillette USA
2.5.3.	Campofrio Spain
2.5.4.	Philip Morris, Kraft, Altria USA
2.5.5.	KiMs Denmark
2.5.6.	Aokang China
2.5.7.	Atlantic Beef Products Canada
2.5.8.	Cosmetic company Korea
2.5.9.	De Grisogono Switzerland
2.5.10.	DHL Fashion/ Jacadi France
2.5.11.	Hewlett Packard Taiwan, Brazil, Singapore, USA
2.5.12.	Horticulture Australia Ltd
2.5.13.	Ministry of Agriculture Japan
2.5.14.	Seijo Corp Japan
2.5.15.	Winwatch Switzerland
2.5.16.	Fonterra New Zealand
2.6.	Healthcare - drug supply chain
2.6.1.	Wal-Mart mandate for Type 2 pharmaceuticals
2.6.2.	Pfizer Viagra USA
2.6.3.	GlaxoSmithKline Trizivir drug item level USA
2.6.4.	Novartis Ritalin USA
2.6.5.	Purdue Pharma OxyContin USA
2.6.6.	Johnson & Johnson USA
2.6.7.	Abbott Laboratories Wal-Mart USA
2.6.8.	Cephalon, tracking pharmaceuticals, France, Germany, UK, USA
2.6.9.	CVS Pharmacy USA
2.6.10.	HD Smith USA
2.6.11.	McKesson USA
2.6.12.	Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals India
2.6.13.	Unimed Pharma Korea
2.6.14.	West Pharmaceutical Services USA
2.6.15.	Cardinal Health USA
2.7.	Healthcare -drug administration
2.7.1.	National Institute of Health drug trials item level, USA
2.7.2.	AstraZeneca Diprivan UK
2.7.3.	EnvisionAmerica
2.8.	Healthcare - hospitals
2.8.1.	Melexis, Belgium
2.8.2.	Jackson Memorial Hospital USA
2.8.3.	Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center USA
2.8.4.	Bon Secours Health System, USA
2.8.5.	Salmon Creek Hospital USA
2.8.6.	Vanderbilt Children's Hospital USA
2.8.7.	Washington Hospital Center, USA
2.8.8.	Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania USA
2.8.9.	Legacy Health System USA
2.8.10.	Palmetto Health USA
2.8.11.	Holy Name Hospital USA
2.8.12.	Baptist Health USA
2.8.13.	Veterans V/A Hospitals USA
2.8.14.	Regenesis Biomedical USA
2.8.15.	Mediplus, UK
2.8.16.	Massachusetts General Hospital, blood USA
2.8.17.	Georgetown University Hospital, blood USA
2.8.18.	Saarbrucken Clinic, blood Germany
2.8.19.	Hospital La Conception, pathology samples France
2.8.20.	Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), embryos, eggs, sperm UK
2.8.21.	Paoli Calmette Institute, pathology samples Italy
2.8.22.	University Hospital of Jena
2.9.	Book printers, publishers, retailers, libraries
2.9.1.	Selexyz The Netherlands
2.9.2.	NBD Biblion The Netherlands
2.9.3.	Toppan Printing Japan
2.9.4.	Japanese bookstores and publishers
2.9.5.	Singapore National Library Board
2.9.6.	Botany Downs Library, New Zealand
2.9.7.	Jimei University library China
2.9.8.	Marseilles library France
2.9.9.	Stuttgart Library Germany
2.9.10.	Nörr Stiefenhofer Lutz, archives and books item level Germany
2.9.11.	Vatican Library, library books Italy
2.10.	Military
2.10.1.	US Military
2.10.2.	US Military Asset Program
2.10.3.	Corpus Christie Army depot aircraft parts USA
2.10.4.	French Army
2.10.5.	Ministry of National Defense Korea
2.11.	Postal
2.11.1.	FedEx
2.11.2.	Deutsche Post/DHL Europe
2.11.3.	DHL healthcare logistics Europe
2.11.4.	Saudi Post Box Identification Saudi Arabia
2.11.5.	European Commission ParcelCall
2.12.	Gas cylinder and beer keg operators
2.12.1.	China
2.12.2.	Air Liquide France
2.12.3.	Trenstar Europe/US
2.13.	Aircraft parts and equipment
2.13.1.	Boeing USA
2.13.2.	Airbus Europe
2.14.	Tires
2.14.2.	Michelin France/Germany
2.14.3.	Goodyear USA
2.15.	Rented textile/ laundry
2.15.1.	Fenland laundry UK
2.15.2.	Grantex, Apparel rental/laundry USA
2.15.3.	Star City wardrobe tracking Australia
2.16.	Other applications
2.16.1.	BAA Heathrow lights
2.16.2.	Bank of Nagoya
2.16.3.	Changwon City public art museum Korea
2.16.4.	Freshfields law firm UK
2.16.5.	Korea USN Center, Property management records, item level Korea
2.16.6.	Musée du Vitry, museum security item level France
2.16.7.	Marin County District Attorney's Office, item level files USA
2.16.8.	Yoshikawa files Japan
2.16.9.	Echangeur New Technologies Center apparel France
3.	PAYBACKS
3.1.	Types of payback
3.2.	Item level potential is far greater than for any other form of RFID
3.3.	Checklist of types of payback
3.4.	Retail vs CPG manufacturers
3.4.1.	Retailers benefit more than suppliers
3.4.2.	Large retailers and high ticket benefit more than small commodity ones
3.4.3.	Retailers vs CPG supplier benefits
3.4.4.	Other figures for retail and supplier paybacks
3.4.5.	Multiple paybacks will be commonplace
3.4.6.	CPG manufacturers
3.5.	Healthcare
3.5.1.	Drug anti-counterfeiting and recalls
3.5.2.	Drug compliance monitoring
3.5.3.	Drug supply chain
3.5.4.	Blood
3.5.5.	Hospital assets
3.5.6.	Good Shepherd Hospital USA
3.6.	Books
3.6.1.	Publishers
3.6.2.	Bookshops
3.6.3.	Libraries
3.7.	Military
3.8.	Postal
3.9.	Gas cylinder and beer keg operators
3.10.	Aircraft and other parts and equipment
3.11.	Tires
3.12.	Other applications
4.	LESSONS LEARNED
	APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS
	APPENDIX 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
	APPENDIX 3: BRIDGE PROJECT
	TABLES
1.1.	Level of item level tagging activity across the world
1.2.	The regions with the most ambitious item level rollouts
1.3.	Some US regulations driving item level RFID
2.1.	Saudi Post Box data table
3.1.	Some substantial problems that RFID can impact, but with indeterminate payback at the project level
3.2.	Examples of global potential for numbers of item level tags and benefits by sector
3.3.	Summary of paybacks from item level RFID by sector
3.4.	Relative benefits and costs for the main potential users of item level RFID.
3.5.	The projected unequal share of gain and cost of item level tagging between certain Western retailers and their suppliers
3.6.	Payback factors for item level RFID identified in various rollouts, trials and studies
3.7.	Table showing the estimated savings of Wal-Mart from pallet, case and item level tagging
3.8.	HDMA estimates of financial benefits from RFID on drugs at item level
3.9.	US drug recalls 1995-2004
3.10.	Hemo-Tag™ specifications
3.11.	Equipment Rental Costs: Financial Results
3.12.	Associate Satisfaction: Nursing Satisfaction Scores
	FIGURES
2.1.	Marks & Spencer RFID flow diagram for item level RFID
2.2.	Marks & Spencer prototype mobile scanner
2.3.	Marks & Spencer customer information on RFID
2.4.	RFID tagged apparel on moving racks being monitored by an Omron HF interrogator in Metro trials
2.5.	Overview of the Field Trial
2.6.	Sushi plates with anti-collision item level RFID
2.7.	Outside and inside of Gillette Mach3 razor cases showing taped 13.56 MHz tag inside (bottom left) and a printed antenna with a mounted chip UHF tag in another version (bottom right) as used in various US trials.
2.8.	Syscan International
2.9.	EXA E&C tags in cosmetics bottle tops
2.10.	TagSys RFID
2.11.	DHL Fashion
2.12.	ASK summary of DHL Fashion trial
2.13.	Véronique Delachaux fashion
2.14.	NBG tunnel interrogator at DHL Fashion
2.15.	NBG roving aisle interrogator at DHL Fashion
2.16.	Fujii HF item level tag
2.17.	Avery Dennison UHF smart label for item level drugs
2.18.	915 MHz EPC tag on item level drugs packages from Abbott Laboratories in the Accenture trials. The EPC code was only printed on the outside for the first phase (see bottom of label).
2.19.	Diprivan TCI tag construction
2.20.	Tagged syringe and Diprifusor™
2.21.	Pill bottle with smart label (printed prescription label not shown)
2.22.	ScripTalk speaker
2.23.	On-the-fly calibration - just show the bottom of the container to the glucometer
2.24.	Glucometer application in detail - the MLX90109 reader
2.25.	Glucometer application in detail - the MLX90127 sticky label transponder
2.26.	A selection of UWB RFID tags
2.27.	Installation of a Radianse IPS
2.28.	HealthCare pilot RTLS tags
2.29.	How The HealthCare Pilot system works
2.30.	Pill bottle with smart label (printed prescription label not shown)
2.31.	ScripTalk speaker
2.32.	Mediplus tagged catheter
2.33.	Mediplus Pressflow overview
2.34.	Paling Risk Scale for major transfusion hazards
2.35.	SHOT project: cumulative data 1996 to 2001
2.36.	Increasing errors within hospitals
2.37.	Safe transfusion: Processes not just product
2.38.	Automated warning generated when a possible mis-match of blood and patient occurs
2.39.	RFID on blood container, next to interrogator
2.40.	Blood labelled with RFID chip
2.41.	Identifying patients and their blood
2.42.	HF tags from TAGSYS
2.43.	The first book to be RFID tagged by Toppan Printing at manufacture
2.44.	The 2.45 GHz tag used in the Toppan Printing book - 4.5cm long
2.45.	How tagged books can alert staff to many books being taken from the shelves as a precursor to theft.
2.46.	Demonstration of buying books tagged with RFID at the Point of Sale (POS)
2.47.	RFID tag the size of a credit card is attached to the back of the book cover
2.48.	The RFID system at Botany Library
2.49.	Bibliotheca's BiblioChip system
2.50.	Time analysis of media circulation
2.51.	Tag data elements
2.52.	Future operational capabilities - smart stores
2.53.	A typical supply dump during the Gulf War
2.54.	Corpus Christie Army Depot
2.55.	NCA in Korea
2.56.	Challenges facing NCA
2.57.	intellareturn Smart Return Services
2.58.	DHL in the healthcare supply chain
2.59.	DHL RFID Pilot Experience & Development Areas
2.60.	ParcelCall scenarios
2.61.	An RFID tag in a gas cylinder being read in France.
2.62.	Michelin tires with RFID embedded
2.63.	Typical processes for garment cleaning
2.64.	Textile tracking
2.65.	Industrial launderers
2.66.	Grantex case study
2.67.	Return on investment
2.68.	Changwon long term plan
2.69.	Changwon core technology
2.70.	Challenges facing the Korea USN Center
2.71.	2004 RFID Pilot Projects
2.72.	Property Management System
3.1.	The process - blood sampling
3.2.	The process - pathology laboratory
3.3.	The benefits - supporting change
3.4.	GSH equipment rental costs
3.5.	GSH equipment purchasing costs
3.6.	GSH associate satisfaction
3.7.	Bibliotheca's BiblioChip system
3.8.	Time analysis of media circulation
3.9.	The scale of the task. Scottish Courage Brewing have tagged 1.9 million containers to date